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Paulin, MD, MHS Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care One Medical Center Drive Suite 5C Lebanon, NH 03756 Phone: (603) 650-5533 Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: A recent study found that the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is significantly higher among adults who began smoking cigarettes before (versus after) 15 years of age, independent of current smoking, cigarette pack years, and smoking duration
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Since the 1950s, Defendants have researched and recognized, decades before the scientific community did, that nicotine is an addictive drug, that cigarette manufacturers are in the drug business, and that cigarettes are drug delivery devices. In this section of the Opinion, Judge Kessler discusses the evidence that for over 40 years, the Defendants' research had shown that the nicotine in tobacco causes cigarette smoking to be addictive