do cigarettes increase test Smoking and Testosterone: New Study Reveals Complex Relationship Does Smoking Increase Your Testosterone?

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doi: 10.3389/fradm.2026.1723536 Received 20 October 2025 Revised 23 February 2026 Accepted 24 February 2026 Published 27 March 2026 Volume 4 - 2026 Edited by Betsy Thom, Middlesex University, United Kingdom Reviewed by Cristiana Vale Pires, Catholi University of Portugal, Portugal Uzma Tahniyath, Osmania University, India Updates Copyright 2026 Fainardi, Barbetta, Petz, Rizzo, Ruberti and Esposito

The ban will not apply to rechargeable or refillable devices

Taken together, these limitations highlight the necessity of stratifying IBD patients by smoking status when considering GPR15-targeted interventions and underscore the importance of future studies employing chronic or humanized models to validate and extend these findings