32400574 to X.L.), the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFF0702000 to C.D.), the National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0506800 to C.D.), th e 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYYC21011 to C.D.), the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Z2023JC003 to C.D.), the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2022YFH0116 to C.D.), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD to C.D.), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M752193 to H.D.C

To help muscle pain from cycling, one should engage in proper warm-up and cool-down routines to prepare the muscles for exercise and aid recovery, incorporate regular stretching to maintain muscle flexibility, ensure adequate hydration and nutrition to support muscle function and recovery, use foam rolling or massage to relieve muscle tightness and improve blood circulation, adopt an appropriate training schedule to prevent overuse injuries, maintain proper cycling posture and bike fit to reduce strain, and consider taking rest days or engaging in low-impact cross-training activities to allow muscles time to recover
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Streck JM, Kalkhoran S, Bearnot B, et al