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Smokeless products present less danger to bystanders since they are combustion thus smoke free

43 A very large US study published in 2020 similarly found surprisingly high levels of risk for those smoking five or fewer cigarettes per day

Depending on the TNP(s) poly-user participants declared using in the last 7 days at the time of the survey, they were administered additional product-specific dependence measures for assessment of convergent validity: FTCD for cigarette and cigar users 12 , smokeless tobacco FTCD (SLT-FTCD) for users of smokeless tobacco products 16 , the Penn State e-cigarette dependence index (PS-ECDI) for e-cigarette users 18 , the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS) for waterpipe users 19

Bottom line Although there is currently insufficient evidence on the efficacy of melatonin vaping , it is not certain that further studies will not reveal encouraging data in favour of this modality